Accessory Dwelling Unit: A second dwelling unit con-tained within a single-family dwelling or within a detached building located on the same lot as a single-family dwelling. This definition includes accessory buildings constructed in connection with a private garage or a private garage con-verted into a dwelling unit.Activity Center: An intensively developed area that is the visual and/or functional center of a neighborhood(s) or a district. Activity centers are typically comprised of a mix of land uses developed at a higher intensity than the sur-rounding area including residential, commercial, employ-ment, civic, institutional, and parks and open space uses. Affordable Housing Fund: A City of Madison program to provide loans and grants to for-profit and non-profit housing developers for the construction of new affordable rental housing.Agrihood: A neighborhood with a working farm inte-grated into its urban or suburban surroundings that pro-vides or sells its crops and other agricultural products to neighborhood residents and the surrounding community through farm stands, CSA shares, local retailers, and farm-ers' markets.Anaerobic Digester: The built system where anaero-bic digestion takes place. Anaerobic digestion is the natu-ral process in which microorganisms break down natural materials. (Source: U.S. EPA)Artificial Intelligence: A branch of computer sci-ence dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers or the capability of a machine to imitate intel-ligent human behavior. (Source: Merriam-Webster Dictio-nary)AI: A branch of computer sci-ence dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers or the capability of a machine to imitate intel-ligent human behavior. (Source: Merriam-Webster Dictio-nary)Autonomous Vehicles: Vehicles that can drive them-selves from a starting point to a predetermined destination in "autopilot” mode using various in-vehicle technologies and sensors, including adaptive cruise control, active steering (steer by wire), anti-lock braking systems (brake by wire), GPS navigation technology, lasers and radar. (Source: Gartner)Beach Exclosure: A treatment system that pumps water from inside a closed off area of a beach through filtration, UV disinfection, then releases treated water back into the swimming area. (Source: INFOS Yahara Lakes)Biodiversity: The variety of life in a particular habitat, including plants, trees, and animals. (Source: Oxford Dic-tionaries)Biogas: A gaseous fuel, primarily methane, produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.(Sources: Dictionary.com, Wikipedia)BRT: A high-capacity bus system with features that are similar to a light rail system, such as frequent service, dedicated bus lanes, off-board fare collection, fewer stops, and traffic signal priority. (Source: Institute for Transportation and Development Policy)Bus Rapid Transit: A high-capacity bus system with features that are similar to a light rail system, such as frequent service, dedicated bus lanes, off-board fare collection, fewer stops, and traffic signal priority. (Source: Institute for Transportation and Development Policy)Capital Area Regional Planning Commission: One of nine commissions in Wisconsin estab-lished to coordinate planning and development among area municipalities. CARPC develops and promotes regional plans, provides objective information and pro-fessional planning services, and focuses local attention on issues of regional importance.CARPC carries out land use planning and areawide water quality management planning for the greater Madison region. State statutes charge it with the duty of prepar-ing and adopting a master plan for the physical develop-ment of the region. The Department of Natural Resources contracts with the Commission to maintain a continuing areawide water quality management planning process to manage, protect, and enhance the water resources of the region. (Source: CARPC)CARPC: One of nine commissions in Wisconsin estab-lished to coordinate planning and development among area municipalities. CARPC develops and promotes regional plans, provides objective information and pro-fessional planning services, and focuses local attention on issues of regional importance.CARPC carries out land use planning and areawide water quality management planning for the greater Madison region. State statutes charge it with the duty of prepar-ing and adopting a master plan for the physical develop-ment of the region. The Department of Natural Resources contracts with the Commission to maintain a continuing areawide water quality management planning process to manage, protect, and enhance the water resources of the region. (Source: CARPC)Capital Costs: The capital costs are expenses associated with purchasing assets such as land, buildings, and equip-ment. (Source: Investopedia)Capital Budgeting: A plan for what assets (such as land, buildings, construction, and equipment) will be purchased over a year or more time. City Expansion Areas: Portions of the City that are expected to have future development, including housing, businesses, and more.City Fees: Costs paid by developers or users of City ser-vices, such as building permits, development review fees, and parkland dedication fees. City Home Rehabilitation Loans: Financial incentives to invest in housing units in need of rehabilitation, result-ing in an improved housing stock.Competitive Advantage: When a city, business, or other entity is able to produce a good or service at a lower price or in a more desirable fashion for customers or cus-tomers when compared to competing municipalities or region. (Source: Investopedia)Complete Street: Streets that are designed and oper-ated to enable safe access for all users, including pedestri-ans, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders of all ages and abilities. (Source: Smart Growth America)Complete Neighborhood: A neighborhood where a mix of residential and non-residential buildings are in close proximity to each other with multiple transportation options. This enables community members to reach desti-nations needed for daily living (like grocery stores, schools, banks, and more) quickly, conveniently, and safely. Connected Vehicle: A car or other vehicle that com-municates with the internet, infrastructure, and/or other vehicles. This can allow a car to estimate the cost of a trip, be alerted to traffic, and perform many other activities. (Source: Center for Advanced Automotive Technology)Context-Sensitive Design: Development that is well-in-tegrated into the character of the surrounding neighbor-hood, and including considerations such as height and bulk, setback from the street, width along the street front-age, and site infrastructure, among others.Development District: Key areas identified to target employment and housing growth within mixed-use, tran-sit-oriented development. These are areas where City economic development tools can be aligned, removing barri-ers to quality development.Double Dollars Program: A program for FoodShare (Wisconsin's version of the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) users in Dane County, offering a dol-lar-for-dollar match for purchases at participating farmers' markets, farm stands, and food retail locations. The pro-gram is available year-round at sites throughout the Mad-ison areaEasement: A legal tool that grants one party the right to use property that another party owns and possesses. (Source: Investopedia, Merriam-Webster DictionaryE-Commerce: Activities that relate to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. (Source: Merriam-Webster Dictionary)Edge Development: Also known as greenfield devel-opment: development of vacant, agricultural, or forested land on the periphery of the city that has not been previ-ously developed.Equitable Hiring Initiative: A checklist and guide to ensure each hiring decision for the City of Madison is as equitable as possible. Equity Review: A series of questions to ask to ensure that the impacts on all community members, especially communities of color and low-income populations, are being considered when making decisions. Extraterritorial Plat Approval Jurisdiction: A stat-utory tool to review land divisions outside city and village boundaries in anticipation of urban development.Floor Area Ratio: The measurement of a build-ing's floor area in relation to the size of the building's lot or parcel. FAR is an effective way to calculate the bulk or mass of building volume on a development site, and is often used in conjunction with other development standards such as building heights, lot coverage, and lot area to encourage a community's desired arrangement and form of develop-ment. (Source: Metropolitan Council (MN))Focus on Energy Program: Wisconsin's energy effi-ciency and renewable resource program that partners 108 Wisconsin electric and natural gas utilities with homeown-ers, business owners, local governments, and others to install energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. (Source: Focus on Energy)Geothermal: Heat derived below the earth's surface that is harnessed to generate clean, renewable energy. (Source: U.S. Department of Energy)Graywater: Wastewater gathered from sinks, bathtubs, and washing machines (but not wastewater from toilets). (Source: APA, A Planners Dictionary)Greenfield Development: Also known as edge devel-opment: development of vacant, agricultural, or forested land on the periphery of the city that has not been previ-ously developed.Greenhouse Gas: Gases that trap heat in the atmo-sphere. Common greenhouse gases include carbon diox-ide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Live-stock, heavy industry, and burning of fossil fuels are top producers of greenhouse gases. (Source: U.S. EPA)Green Infrastructure: A method of treating, infiltrating, and/or reducing stormwater through the use of permeable pavement, bioswales, raingardens, green roofs, and other methods that retain or infiltrate water on-site, rather than send it into the storm sewer and on to streams and lakes.Green Roofs: A roof covered with soil (or other growing media) and vegetation that retains, then evaporates water. (Source: U.S. EPA)Greenway: Linear corridors of land and water and the natural, cultural, and recreational resources they link together. (Source: Massachusetts Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs)Gross Domestic Product: A major indicator used to gauge the health of a region or country's economy. It represents the total dollar value of all goods and services produced over a specific time period, often referred to as the size of the economy. (Source: Investopedia)GDP: A major indicator used to gauge the health of a region or country's economy. It represents the total dollar value of all goods and services produced over a specific time period, often referred to as the size of the economy. (Source: Investopedia)Healthy Retail Access Program: A program created by Madison's Food Policy Council that provides funds for healthy retail projects that aim to improve access to afford-able, healthy, and culturally appropriate food and retail within underserved areas.Historic District: A significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites, buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical develop-ment. A local, state, or the federal government can officially recognize districts. (Source: U.S. National Park Service)Historic Landmark: Any improvement which has architectural, cultural, or historic character or value reflecting the development, heritage or cultural character-istics of the City, state, or nation; or land of historic signif-icance due to a substantial value in tracing the history of humankind, or upon which an historic event has occurred, and which has been designated as a landmark.Historic Preservation Plan: A plan to provide a frame-work for future preservation that goes beyond the City's current, primarily regulatory, role. It will recommend strat-egies to more effectively integrate historic preservation into public policy, explore zoning and land use tools, capi-talize on economic development and financial incentives, and encourage heritage tourism.Human-Scaled Design: The perceived size of a build-ing relative to a human being. A building is considered to have good human scale if there is an expression of human activity or use that indicates the building's size. For exam-ple, traditionally sized doors, windows, and balconies are elements that respond to the size of the human body, so these elements in a building indicate the building's overall size. (Source: Burien, WA)Infill Development: Development of vacant or underused lots that are surrounded by developed areas.Invasive Species: A living organism that is not native to an ecosystem, spreads/reproduces rapidly, and causes harm to the environment, the economy, or human health.Jobs TIF Program: The use of tax increment financing to provide assistance to employers for the purpose of cre-ating or retaining jobs within the City.Leapfrog Development: New development separated from existing development by substantial vacant or agri-cultural land.LEED: An acronym for "Leadership in Energy and Envi-ronmental Design.” LEED is a certification system adminis-tered by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) for buildings that integrate environmentally friendly com-ponents and construction techniques to improve things like energy efficiency and air quality. Buildings receive points based on the number and quality of environmen-tally friendly features. There are four levels of LEED, based on the number of points earned: certified, silver, gold, and platinum. (Source: USGBC)Legacy Phosphorus: Accumulation of phosphorus in soil or sediment, generally due to the over-application of fertilizers on agricultural fields.Living Wage: A wage at which a person who works one full-time job can afford the basics for modern living, includ-ing food, shelter, utilities, transportation, and health care.Living Wall: Also known as green walls: self-sufficient vertical gardens that are attached to the exterior or interior of a building. (Source: Green over Grey - Living Walls and Design Inc.)MadiSUN: A City of Madison initiative, administered by local nonprofit RENEW Wisconsin, to expand solar energy installations on homes and commercial properties. Mad-iSUN offers group buys of rooftop solar for homeowners, a solar loan program for residents, and rebates for busi-nesses. (Source: MadiSUN)Master Plan for City Facilities: A document stating goals and actions to maintain and update City buildings and infrastructure.Missing Middle Housing: A range of smaller multi-unit or clustered housing types compatible in scale with sin-gle-family homes. (Source: Opticos Design, Inc.)Natural Soil Amendments: Substances used to improve the physical nature of soil by adding nutrients to the soil and helping retain moisture. (Source: Lowes)Neighborhood Development Plan: A plan prepared for largely undeveloped land on the city's edge. NDPs are adopted as supplements of the Comprehensive Plan and include recommendations for land use, transpor-tation, parks and open space, and utilities.NDP: A plan prepared for largely undeveloped land on the city's edge. NDPs are adopted as supplements of the Comprehensive Plan and include recommendations for land use, transpor-tation, parks and open space, and utilities.Neighborhood Plan: A plan prepared for an already-de-veloped area of the city that includes recommendations for land use, urban design, transportation, parks, place-making, and other improvements/investments/changes to a given area. Neighborhood plans can encompass more than one neighborhood, and are generally adopted as sup-plements to the Comprehensive Plan.Neighborhood Police Officers: Police Officers that are assigned to specific areas of the City. The neighborhoods are geographically small, and typically have a high need for police services.Neighborhood Resource Teams: A citywide effort to coordinate and improve the delivery of City ser-vices to Madison's neighborhoods. NRTs provide a regular forum for City employees to meet, discuss, and support each other's efforts in delivering excellent City services. NRT membership can include alderpersons, City staff and non-City staff participants.NRTs: A citywide effort to coordinate and improve the delivery of City ser-vices to Madison's neighborhoods. NRTs provide a regular forum for City employees to meet, discuss, and support each other's efforts in delivering excellent City services. NRT membership can include alderpersons, City staff and non-City staff participants.Neighborhood-Scaled Schools: Schools that are designed and built to become a center for interaction and are embedded within a neighborhood, not isolated on large sites surrounded by parking and large swaths of underutilized or unprogrammed greenspace.Operating Costs: Expenses associated with the mainte-nance and administration of a business or government on a day-to-day basis, such as salaries.(Source: Investopedia)Percent for the Arts: A requirement that 1% of public building project costs, for projects with an adopted budget of $5 million or more, be used for public art.Permanent Supportive Housing: Housing that has social services and counseling programs to assist people with housing, mental health, drug, or other challenges, in the transition to self-sufficiency through gaining a stable income and other skills. (Source: APA, A Planners Dictio-nary)Phytoremediation: The treatment of pollutants or waste (as in contaminated soil or groundwater) by the use of green plants that remove, degrade, or stabilize the unde-sirable substances (such as toxic metals). (Source: Merri-am-Webster Dictionary)Placemaking: Creation of an environment that fosters community, stimulates interaction, encourages entrepre-neurship, generates innovation, and nurtures humanity. (Source: Project for Public Spaces)Pollinators: Animals that assist plants in their repro-duction. Species include ants, bats, bees, beetles, birds, butterflies, flies, moths, wasps, and others. (Source: USDA Forest Service)Property Assessed Clean Energy: Financing for energy improvements that addresses some of the eco-nomic barriers that have prevented the widespread adop-tion of home energy upgrades, including access to capital and efficient financing mechanisms for upgrades to exist-ing homes. (Source: U.S. Department of Energy)Public Housing: Decent and safe rental housing for low-income families, the elderly, and persons with disabili-ties that is owned by a government or government agency.Public housing comes in all sizes and types, from scattered single-family houses to high-rise apartments. (Source: HUD)Rain Gardens: Gardens are specially designed to collect and infiltrate stormwater from impervious areas such as roofs, driveways, and heavily compacted lawns.PLAN179Recyclopedia: An annual City guide that provides infor-mation on trash collection, recycling "dos and don'ts,” large item collection, and more.Redevelopment: Construction of a new building where a building already exists.Regional Agency: An organization whose interest extends beyond municipal boundaries.Regional Transit Authority: An entity created for providing organized, effective public transportation across municipal boundaries.RTA: An entity created for providing organized, effective public transportation across municipal boundaries.Report a Problem: A City program and website where community members can provide information on non-emergency issues typically related to public safety, including pothole concerns, snow removal, animal control, and stolen bicycles.Resident Panels: A cornerstone of the Imagine Madison public engagement process. Formed through a partnership between the City of Madison and community-based orga-nizations that have connections to Madison's communi-ties of color, lower-income residents, and other residents whose voices are often missing from planning processes, the Resident Panels meant that the voices heard in the Imagine Madison process to be more representative of the city's population.Results Madison: An effort by the City of Madison to coordinate actions as the City works on implementing var-ious services. Results Madison also gathers and analyzes data to help provide information that can be used by City service providers.Road Diet: Reducing the number of lanes dedicated for car travel on an underutilized road in favor of other fea-tures, such as bicycle lanes, turn lanes, or wider terraces.SEED Program: A City of Madison program administered by the Madison Food Policy Council that provides grants to improve the local food system and make food more acces-sible to Madison residents.Sense of Place: The characteristics of a location that make it readily recognizable as being unique and differ-ent from its surroundings and that provides a feeling of belonging to or being identified with that particular place. (Source: Scottsdale, AZ)Shared Solar: A business model that allows multiple participants to benefit directly from the energy produced by a solar array. Participants typically own or lease a system or portion of a system or purchase kilowatt-hour blocks of renewable energy generation. (Source: U.S. Department of Energy)Social Practice Artists: Artists who focus on social engagement, inviting collaboration with individuals, com-munities, and institutions in a dialog about community issues.Step Backs: A building design where there are fewer sto-ries closer to the lot line (for example, near sidewalks and adjacent properties) than the rest of the building. Stormwater: Untreated runoff from rainfall and snow-melt. It flows across impervious surfaces, through fields and over construction sites, crossing municipal boundaries and can carry contaminants to lakes and streams. (Source: Dane County Office of Lakes & Watersheds)Sub-Area Plan: A plan that covers an area smaller than the city as a whole. An umbrella term that encompasses "Neighborhood Development Plans,” "Neighborhood Plans,” and other types of plans, such as corridor plans (for major streets and the properties surrounding them) and special area plans (generally small areas of a few blocks).Subdivision Ordinance: An ordinance adopted by the City Council that sets standards for the division of land/property.Sustainable Agriculture: An integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long term: satisfy human food and fiber needs; enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agricultural economy depends; make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls; sustain the economic viability of farm operations; and enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole. (Source: USDA)Tax Increment Financing: A governmental finance tool to provide funds to construct public infrastruc-ture, promote development opportunities, and expand the tax base.TIF: A governmental finance tool to provide funds to construct public infrastruc-ture, promote development opportunities, and expand the tax base.Terrace: The space between the sidewalk and the curb along a street.Traditional Neighborhood Development: Development of a complete neighborhood using tra-ditional town planning principles, such as provision of a range of housing types, a network of connected streets, a variety of public spaces, and a variety of destinations (such as schools, shops, offices, and places of worship) within walking distance.TND: Development of a complete neighborhood using tra-ditional town planning principles, such as provision of a range of housing types, a network of connected streets, a variety of public spaces, and a variety of destinations (such as schools, shops, offices, and places of worship) within walking distance.Transit-Oriented Development: Compact, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use development that is centered around a high-quality transit line or sys-tem to encourage transit use and reduce car traffic gener-ated by development.TOD: Compact, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use development that is centered around a high-quality transit line or sys-tem to encourage transit use and reduce car traffic gener-ated by development.Transportation Demand Management: A program of information, encouragement, and incentives provided by companies and local or regional governments to help people know about and use transportation options beyond single-occupancy vehicles. It is used to optimize mobility by publicizing non-car options and to counterbal-ance the built-in government subsidization of parking and roads. (Source: Mobility Lab)TDM: A program of information, encouragement, and incentives provided by companies and local or regional governments to help people know about and use transportation options beyond single-occupancy vehicles. It is used to optimize mobility by publicizing non-car options and to counterbal-ance the built-in government subsidization of parking and roads. (Source: Mobility Lab)Transportation Management Association: A nonprofit, member-controlled organization that provides transportation services in a particular area, such as a com-mercial district, mall, medical center or industrial park. TMAs are generally public-private partnerships, consisting primarily of area businesses with local government sup-port. (Source: TDM Encyclopedia)TMA: A nonprofit, member-controlled organization that provides transportation services in a particular area, such as a com-mercial district, mall, medical center or industrial park. TMAs are generally public-private partnerships, consisting primarily of area businesses with local government sup-port. (Source: TDM Encyclopedia)Tree Canopy: The layer of leaves, branches, and stems of trees that obscure the ground when viewed from above. (Source: Center for Watershed Protection)Tier 1 Sidewalks: Sidewalks that should be added along streets that are close to schools, transit routes, or other fea-tures that attract pedestriansTuj Lub: A top spinning game that is popular in the Hmong community and is played on a specialized court.Underrepresented Groups: Groups of people with a common race, ethnicity, immigration status, age, income level, gender identity, or sexual orientation who have not typically participated in City decision-making processes commensurate with the proportion of the population they comprise. These groups have often experienced discrimi-nation or marginalization based on their identity.Urban Agriculture: The production of food for personal consumption, market sale, donation, or educational pur-poses within cities and suburbs.Urban Biodiversity: The variety and variability among living organisms found in a city and the ecological systems in which they occur. (Source: "Urban Biodiversity and Cli-mate Change” by Jose Antonio Puppim de Oliveira, Chris-topher N. H. Doll, Raquel Moreno-Peñaranda, and Osman Balaban)Water Quality: The condition of water, including its chemical, physical, and biological characteristics with respect to its expected use (i.e., drinking, swimming, fish-ing, etc.). (Source: Florida Brooks National Marine Sanctu-ary, Key West, Florida.)Watershed: An area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet such as the outflow of a reservoir, mouth of a bay, or any point along a stream channel. (Source: USGS)Wisconsin Shares: A program that supports low-income working families by subsidizing a portion of the cost of quality child care while the parents or caregivers are working or participating in another approved activity. Wiscon-sin Shares is implemented locally by counties and tribes. (Source: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families)YoungStar Rating: Wisconsin's child care quality rating and improvement system. YoungStar Rating objectively measures child care quality, giving parents an easy way to compare child care options. YoungStar also supports child care providers with tools and training. (Source: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families)Zones of Contribution: The entire land surface area over which water can infiltrate and move toward a well. (Source: WI DNR)Zoning Code: An ordinance that regulates land use, lot size, building placement, building height, and other aspects of the development of land.